{"id":10906,"date":"2025-06-23T14:26:55","date_gmt":"2025-06-23T14:26:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/?p=10906"},"modified":"2025-07-05T08:35:29","modified_gmt":"2025-07-05T08:35:29","slug":"co-je-to-clanek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/cs\/co-je-to-clanek\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je to \u010dl\u00e1nek v anglick\u00e9 gramatice? Definice a p\u0159\u00edklady"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli jste n\u011bkdy o tom, pro\u010d lid\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed. <em>\"Pot\u0159ebuji knihu\" m\u00edsto<\/em> z <em>\"Pot\u0159ebuji knihu\"<\/em> nebo <em>\"Vid\u011bl jsi ten film?\"<\/em> m\u00edsto \"Vid\u011bl jsi film?\" <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u016fvodem jsou \u010dl\u00e1nky. M\u011bli byste si uv\u011bdomit, kdy a jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem pou\u017e\u00edvat \u010dl\u00e1nky ve sv\u00e9m projevu a psan\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, nikdo nev\u00ed v\u0161echno. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto nen\u00ed \u0161patn\u00e9 nev\u011bd\u011bt, jak a kdy pou\u017e\u00edvat \u010dleny ve v\u011bt\u011b. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si, co v\u0161echno o v\u00fdznamu \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f v\u00edte a jak je pou\u017e\u00edvat jako profesion\u00e1l.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 poznatky<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u010cl\u00e1nky jsou kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 slova, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m pom\u00e1haj\u00ed pochopit, jak konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed nebo obecn\u00e1 v\u011bc je.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Slova jako a, an a the jsou \u010dleny.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u010cleny stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed podstatn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u010cleny ozna\u010duj\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed nebo obecn\u00e9 podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u010cleny jsou dvoj\u00edho druhu, ur\u010dit\u00e9 a neur\u010dit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je to gramatick\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159edstavte si \u010dl\u00e1nek jako velmi mal\u00fd, ale d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd \u0161roubek, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k sestaven\u00ed d\u011btsk\u00e9 post\u00fdlky. P\u0159esn\u011b to je \u010dl\u00e1nek. \u010clen je v gramatice drobn\u00e9 slovo, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 vn\u00e9st do v\u011bty v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nky n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pochopit, zda \u010dlov\u011bk mluv\u00ed o n\u011b\u010dem konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm, nebo o n\u011b\u010dem obecn\u00e9m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jsou to slova, kter\u00e1 stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem. Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 v\u00e1m poznat, \u017ee slovo je podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, ani\u017e by ho popisovalo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad: \"Chris sn\u011bdl jablko\", \u010dlen \"an\" zde ozna\u010duje, \u017ee slovo jablko je podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V anglick\u00e9 gramatice existuj\u00ed pouze t\u0159i \u010dleny. Jsou to:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cleny \"a\" a \"an\" ozna\u010duj\u00ed n\u011bco neur\u010dit\u00e9ho nebo obecn\u00e9ho. Zat\u00edmco \"the\" ozna\u010duje n\u011bco konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159edstavte si \u010dl\u00e1nky jako dopravn\u00ed zna\u010dky, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m ukazuj\u00ed sm\u011br v\u011bty. Bez nich by v\u011bty postr\u00e1daly smysl a byly by matouc\u00ed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159\u00edklady \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde je n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pes \u0161t\u011bkal. \"The\" ukazuje, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho psa.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u010dera ve\u010der jsem se d\u00edval na film. \"A\" znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mluv\u010d\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt na mysli jak\u00fdkoli film.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sn\u011bdla jablko<em> k sn\u00eddani<\/em>. \"An\" se vztahuje na jak\u00e9koli jablko, nikoli na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kniha na stole je moje. Popisuje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed knihu na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ur\u010dit\u00e9 a neur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010dleny<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/article-in-English-grammar-002-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10916\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/article-in-English-grammar-002-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/article-in-English-grammar-002-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/article-in-English-grammar-002-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/article-in-English-grammar-002-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/article-in-English-grammar-002.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Nyn\u00ed jste se nau\u010dili, \u017ee a, an a the jsou \u010dleny. Pot\u0159ebujete v\u011bd\u011bt, jak\u00e9 jsou to p\u0159edm\u011bty. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuj\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.butte.edu\/departments\/cas\/tipsheets\/grammar\/articles.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">dva typy \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f<\/a>, a to jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je to ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010dlen?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010dlen se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve spojen\u00ed s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi v\u011bcmi nebo skupinami. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010dlen m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 pou\u017eit k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed toho, \u017ee je n\u011bco jedine\u010dn\u00e9 a existuje pouze jeden exempl\u00e1\u0159. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010dleny m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt, kdy\u017e chcete mluvit o n\u011b\u010dem, co v\u00edte jen vy a poslucha\u010d.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedin\u00fd ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010dlen v anglick\u00e9 gramatice je \"The\". \u010clen \"the\" se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v jednotn\u00e9m a <a href=\"https:\/\/undetectable.ai\/blog\/plural-nouns\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo podstatn\u00fdch jmen<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 u po\u010ditateln\u00fdch a nepo\u010ditateln\u00fdch podstatn\u00fdch jmen, pokud je podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e \u0159eknete, \u017ee auto je tam, m\u00e1te na mysli auto na dan\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b. N\u011bco, co vy i poslucha\u010d v\u00edte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edklady ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f jsou:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\"\u0160li jsme do muzea u jezera<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\"\u010cetl jsem knihu, o kter\u00e9 jste mluvil.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde oba poslucha\u010di p\u0159esn\u011b v\u011bd\u00ed, o kter\u00e9m muzeu nebo knize mluv\u00edte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je neur\u010dit\u00fd \u010dlen?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e se p\u0159ed podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem pou\u017eije \"a\" nebo \"an\", nemluv\u00edte o ur\u010dit\u00e9m podstatn\u00e9m jm\u00e9nu, ale vyjad\u0159ujete obecn\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se tak\u00e9 tehdy, kdy\u017e mluv\u00edte o n\u011b\u010dem, co nebylo d\u0159\u00edve zm\u00edn\u011bno.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010dleny se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159i osloven\u00ed v\u011bc\u00ed, jejich\u017e toto\u017enost nen\u00ed zn\u00e1ma ani poslucha\u010di, ani mluv\u010d\u00edmu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e \u0159eknete a nebo an p\u0159ed podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem, nem\u00e1te na mysli konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, ale n\u011bco obecn\u00e9ho. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stejn\u011b tak se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, kdy\u017e mluv\u00edte o n\u011b\u010dem, o \u010dem se p\u016fvodn\u011b nemluvilo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde jsou p\u0159\u00edklady v\u011bt, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed neur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010dleny:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\"Jablko denn\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159e stranou\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\"\u0160t\u011bk\u00e1 pes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\"\u010cte zaj\u00edmavou knihu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\"Linc je u\u010ditel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kdy pou\u017e\u00edvat slova \"A\", \"An\" a \"The\"?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde jsou p\u0159\u00edklady <a href=\"https:\/\/academicguides.waldenu.edu\/writingcenter\/grammar\/articles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">kdy m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt \"a\", \"an\" a \"the\".<\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kdy pou\u017e\u00edt slovo a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u00edsmeno \"A\" se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro slova za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed souhl\u00e1skou nebo souhl\u00e1skami. Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>My\u0161\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ta\u0161ka<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Univerzita (univerzita za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na samohl\u00e1sku, ale m\u00e1 souhl\u00e1sku \"y\")<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kdy pou\u017e\u00edt \"an<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\"An\" se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro slova, kter\u00e1 za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed samohl\u00e1skou nebo samohl\u00e1skami. Nap\u0159\u00edklad:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vejce\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hodina (h m\u00e1 samohl\u00e1sku)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Slon\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MBA (zn\u00ed to jako \"em-bee-ay\")<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kdy pou\u017e\u00edt slovo \"the<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\"The\" se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kdy\u017e mluv\u00edte o n\u011b\u010dem, co zn\u00e1te vy i poslucha\u010d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kdy\u017e mluv\u00edte o n\u011b\u010dem konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kdy\u017e jste se o tom p\u0159edt\u00edm zm\u00ednil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kdy\u017e je jen jeden. Nap\u0159\u00edklad M\u011bs\u00edc nebo prezident<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud je z kontextu jasn\u00e9, co m\u00e1te na mysli<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\"The\" lze pou\u017e\u00edt tak\u00e9 ve spojen\u00ed s <a href=\"https:\/\/undetectable.ai\/blog\/what-is-a-proper-noun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">vlastn\u00ed podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na<\/a> kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed v\u00fdraz \"z\". Nap\u0159\u00edklad:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty americk\u00e9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u00ed\u0148 sl\u00e1vy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdraz \"the\" m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt tak\u00e9 u superlativn\u00edch p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen. Nap\u0159\u00edklad:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prvn\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dal\u0161\u00ed,\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jedin\u00fd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem, kdy m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt \"the\", je situace, kdy lze podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no konkretizovat na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159edchoz\u00edho v\u00fdroku. To je tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako druh\u00e1 nebo n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 zm\u00ednka.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edklad:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moje sestra si koupila psa. Star\u00e1m se o n\u011bj, zat\u00edmco on je v pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Spole\u010dn\u00e1 pravidla pro pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/article-in-English-grammar-003-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10917\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/article-in-English-grammar-003-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/article-in-English-grammar-003-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/article-in-English-grammar-003-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/article-in-English-grammar-003-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/article-in-English-grammar-003.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u010cleny jsou ve v\u011bt\u00e1ch d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Proto byste m\u011bli v\u011bd\u011bt, kdy, jak a kde \u010dl\u00e1nky pou\u017e\u00edvat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde jsou uvedeny b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unr.edu\/writing-speaking-center\/writing-speaking-resources\/brief-guidelines-for-article-usage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pravidla pro pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f<\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v jednotn\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle: <\/strong>V p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy chcete vytvo\u0159it v\u011bty obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed jednotliv\u00e1 po\u010ditateln\u00e1 podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na, nezapome\u0148te pou\u017e\u00edt \u010dleny. Nem\u016f\u017eete prost\u011b \u0159\u00edct \"Pes \u0161t\u011bk\u00e1\".<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v mno\u017en\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle: <\/strong>P\u0159i psan\u00ed v\u011bt, ve kter\u00fdch jsou podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v mno\u017en\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle, je t\u0159eba p\u0159idat \u010dlen. P\u0159\u00edklad: \"Psi v m\u00e9 ulici jsou p\u0159\u00e1tel\u0161t\u00ed\". V\u0161imn\u011bte si, \u017ee existuj\u00ed situace, kdy \u010dlen nepot\u0159ebujete. M\u016f\u017eete jednodu\u0161e \u0159\u00edci: \"Psi jsou p\u0159\u00e1tel\u0161t\u00ed\", zejm\u00e9na pokud nejste konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed.<br>\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nepo\u010ditateln\u00e1 podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na: <\/strong>U nepo\u010ditateln\u00fdch podstatn\u00fdch jmen nemus\u00edte v\u017edy pou\u017e\u00edvat \u010dleny. M\u016f\u017eete nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0159\u00edci<em> <\/em>\"Miluji hudbu\" a ne \"Miluji hudbu\". Ale kdy\u017e chcete mluvit o n\u011bjak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u011bci, m\u016f\u017eete \u0159\u00edct: \"Hudba na ve\u010d\u00edrku byla p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 hlasit\u00e1.<br>\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vlastn\u00ed podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na:<\/strong> S vlastn\u00edmi jm\u00e9ny nemus\u00edte pou\u017e\u00edvat \u010dleny. M\u016f\u017eete nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0159\u00edci \"John is coming here\". Existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak v\u00fdjimky, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0159\u00edkat \"Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty\" nebo \"Smithovi sem p\u0159ijedou\". T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem odkazujete na celou zemi nebo na celou rodinu Smithov\u00fdch.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>P\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no: <\/strong>Pravidla pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen se nem\u011bn\u00ed. Pokud je podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no modifikov\u00e1no p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem, m\u011bli byste pou\u017e\u00edt spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u010dlen. Nap\u0159\u00edklad: \"Je to mal\u00fd d\u00e1rek\" nebo \"Burd\u017e Chal\u00edfa je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed budova\".<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zvuk: <\/strong>Zvuk p\u00edsmene za \u010dlenem by m\u011bl ur\u010dovat, jak\u00fd \u010dlen se pou\u017eije. Pro souhl\u00e1sky pou\u017e\u00edvejte p\u00edsmeno \"a\" a pro samohl\u00e1sky p\u00edsmeno \"an\".\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f v angli\u010dtin\u011b se ne\u0159\u00edd\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm pravidlem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mus\u00edte v\u011bd\u011bt, kter\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek pou\u017e\u00edt podle toho, co chcete v\u011btou sd\u011blit.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 idiomatick\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010dlenu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \"to give someone a hand\" nebo \"to kick the bucket\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kdy \u010dl\u00e1nky nepou\u017e\u00edvat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ano, \u010dl\u00e1nky jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Nemus\u00edte je v\u0161ak pou\u017e\u00edvat neust\u00e1le. N\u011bkdy je nejlep\u0161\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nkem \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b by se m\u011bly pou\u017e\u00edvat \u010dl\u00e1nky:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Obecn\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed:<\/strong> \"\u017divot je kr\u00e1sn\u00fd\", \"Voda je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1\" nebo \"Ko\u010dky maj\u00ed o\u010di, kter\u00e9 vid\u00ed ve tm\u011b\".<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u00fdroky s mno\u017en\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem nebo nepo\u010ditateln\u00fdmi podstatn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny: '<\/strong>U\u010ditel\u00e9 jsou nezbytn\u00ed\" nebo \"N\u011bjak\u00e9 sladkosti by ne\u0161kodily\".<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o j\u00eddle: '<\/strong>Sn\u00eddali jsme\" nebo \"Poj\u010fme na ob\u011bd.  Pokud mluv\u00edte o konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm j\u00eddle, hod\u00ed se i \"ob\u011bd byl vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed\".\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o jazyc\u00edch: <\/strong>\"Mluv\u00ed francouzsky\" nebo \"Studuji \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tinu\".<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o p\u0159edm\u011btech: <\/strong>\"Studuje chemii\" nebo \"M\u00e1m r\u00e1d matematiku\".<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u00fdroky obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy: <\/strong>\"Jdi do \u0161koly\" nebo \"jdi sp\u00e1t\". P\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b m\u016f\u017eete tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci \"jdi te\u010f do \u0161koly\", pokud mluv\u00edte o konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u0161kole, kterou poslucha\u010d zn\u00e1.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/undetectable.ai\/blog\/what-are-abstract-nouns\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Abstraktn\u00ed koncepty<\/strong><\/a><strong>: <\/strong>\"L\u00e1ska zv\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed nad v\u0161\u00edm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se sportu: <\/strong>\"Hraje tenis\" nebo \"Luke miluje fotbal\".<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong> <strong>s p\u0159ivlast\u0148ovac\u00edmi z\u00e1jmeny: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/undetectable.ai\/blog\/what-are-pronouns\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">P\u0159ivlast\u0148ovac\u00ed z\u00e1jmena<\/a> pat\u0159\u00ed jeho, m\u016fj, n\u00e1\u0161, jej\u00ed, jej\u00ed a jejich. Zcela nahrazuj\u00ed \u010dleny. Nap\u0159\u00edklad: \"\u0160li jsme k nim dom\u016f\" nebo \"Vypil jsem jeho vodu\".\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud se c\u00edt\u00edte ztraceni v tom, jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat \u010dl\u00e1nek, zde jsou dv\u011b v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 byste m\u011bli m\u00edt na pam\u011bti:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee je podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no v jednotn\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle a po\u010d\u00edtateln\u00e9 a nen\u00ed specifikov\u00e1no, mus\u00edte pou\u017e\u00edt \u010dlen.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud je podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no v mno\u017en\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle a nepo\u010ditateln\u00e9 a je naps\u00e1no obecn\u011b a nekonkr\u00e9tn\u011b, nemus\u00edte pou\u017e\u00edt \u010dlen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 si nejste jisti \u010dl\u00e1nky nebo gramatikou obecn\u011b; v\u017edy m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt funkci <a href=\"https:\/\/undetectable.ai\/apps\/ai-chat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nezjistiteln\u00fd AI Chat<\/a> a z\u00edsk\u00e1te odpov\u011bdi na sv\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"966\" height=\"734\" src=\"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Undetectable-AI-Chat.png\" alt=\"Sn\u00edmek obrazovky funkce AI Chat nezjistiteln\u00e9 um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence zobrazuj\u00edc\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed\" class=\"wp-image-9400\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Undetectable-AI-Chat.png 966w, https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Undetectable-AI-Chat-300x228.png 300w, https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Undetectable-AI-Chat-768x584.png 768w, https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Undetectable-AI-Chat-16x12.png 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 966px) 100vw, 966px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>M\u00e1me tak\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 jsou u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro va\u0161e \u0161koln\u00ed projekty. Na\u0161e str\u00e1nky <a href=\"https:\/\/undetectable.ai\/ai-question-answer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">N\u00e1stroj Ask AI<\/a> v\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee pomoci s vym\u00fd\u0161len\u00edm n\u00e1pad\u016f a vysv\u011btlen\u00edm slo\u017eit\u00fdch t\u00e9mat.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"358\" src=\"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Ask-AI-tool-1024x358.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10918\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Ask-AI-tool-1024x358.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Ask-AI-tool-300x105.jpg 300w, https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Ask-AI-tool-768x269.jpg 768w, https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Ask-AI-tool-18x6.jpg 18w, https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Ask-AI-tool.jpg 1260w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Neodch\u00e1zejte, ani\u017e byste prozkoumali n\u00e1\u0161 detektor um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a humaniz\u00e9r ve widgetu n\u00ed\u017ee!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"uai-widget\" data-affiliate-link=\"https:\/\/undetectable.ai\/?_by=hi4km\"><script>var js = document.createElement(\"script\");js.async = true;js.src = \"https:\/\/widget.undetectable.ai\/js\/widget-loader.js?t=\"+Date.now();document.getElementsByTagName(\"head\")[0].appendChild(js);<\/script><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dotazy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde jsou \u010dasto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1751466683888\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Je \"The\" \u010dl\u00e1nek?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ano, rozhodn\u011b. \"The\" je \u010dlen a je to \u010dlen ur\u010dit\u00fd. <\/p>\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k popisu konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed nebo osob. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 k popisu n\u011b\u010deho, o \u010dem jste s poslucha\u010dem nebo \u010dten\u00e1\u0159em hovo\u0159ili ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1751466694924\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Mohu pou\u017e\u00edt \"an\" p\u0159ed souhl\u00e1skou?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ne, ale v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy je souhl\u00e1ska samohl\u00e1ska, je pou\u017eit\u00ed an p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9. Nap\u0159\u00edklad \"hodina\" nebo \"\u010dest\".\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1751466702548\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Pro\u010d n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u011bty nemaj\u00ed v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Ne v\u0161echny v\u011bty pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed \u010dlen. V\u011bty s pomno\u017en\u00fdmi a nepo\u010ditateln\u00fdmi podstatn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny \u010dlen nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b toho n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u011bty, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad B\u016fh je dobr\u00fd, nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u010dlen, aby byly \u00fapln\u00e9.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1751466711991\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi \u010dl\u00e1nky a determin\u00e1tory?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u010cleny a determin\u00e1tory jsou dva v\u00fdrazy, kter\u00e9 modifikuj\u00ed podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na, ale pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se odli\u0161n\u011b. Determin\u00e1tory se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z \u010dlen\u016f, kvantifik\u00e1tor\u016f a demonstrativ. <\/p>\n<p>Uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed podrobnosti o podstatn\u00e9m jm\u00e9nu, tj. komu pat\u0159\u00ed, jeho po\u010det nebo ur\u010ditost.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se tak\u00e9 k vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no je pou\u017eito a jak souvis\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi prvky v\u011bty.<\/p>\n<p>Slova, kter\u00e1 lze pova\u017eovat za determin\u00e1tory, jsou:\u00a0<br \/>- N\u011bkter\u00e9\u00a0<br \/>- M\u016fj<br \/>- Jeho<br \/>- To<br \/>- Ty\u00a0<br \/>- Kter\u00e9<br \/>- \u010c\u00ed\u00a0<br \/>- V\u0161e<br \/>- N\u011bkolik\u00a0<br \/>- Jej\u00ed\u00a0<br \/>- Ka\u017ed\u00fd<br \/>- V\u0161e\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, \u010dleny jsou formou determin\u00e1toru a determin\u00e1tory jsou slova, kter\u00e1 poskytuj\u00ed ur\u010ditou informaci o podstatn\u00e9m jm\u00e9nu.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nky se mohou zd\u00e1t mal\u00e9 a bezv\u00fdznamn\u00e9, ale ve skute\u010dnosti jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Napom\u00e1haj\u00ed jasn\u00e9 komunikaci. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, abyste rozum\u011bli definici a v\u00fdznamu \u010dl\u00e1nku. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00edky \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016fm bude va\u0161e \u0159e\u010d a psan\u00ed zn\u00edt p\u0159irozen\u011bji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010c\u00edm v\u00edce toho v\u00edte o \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe ovl\u00e1d\u00e1te anglick\u00fd jazyk, zejm\u00e9na pokud nejste rodil\u00fd mluv\u010d\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nemus\u00edte si d\u011blat starosti s t\u00edm, \u017ee ji dostanete okam\u017eit\u011b. Ti nejlep\u0161\u00ed angli\u010dtin\u00e1\u0159i si mus\u00ed vz\u00edt \u010das na rozmy\u0161lenou, zda ve v\u011bt\u011b pou\u017e\u00edt \u010dlen, nebo ne.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nezapome\u0148te, \u017ee \"the\" je jen \"the\", pokud chcete b\u00fdt konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed, a \"a\" a \"an\", pokud chcete b\u00fdt obecn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00ed a a an je zam\u011bniteln\u00e9 v z\u00e1vislosti na v\u00fdslovnosti, nikoli na pravopisu. Cvi\u010dte a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f bude plynul\u00e9 jako proch\u00e1zka r\u016f\u017eov\u00fdm sadem.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pot\u0159ebujete pomoci, aby va\u0161e angli\u010dtina zn\u011bla jasn\u011b a p\u0159irozen\u011b? <a href=\"https:\/\/undetectable.ai\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/undetectable.ai\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vyzkou\u0161ejte nezjistitelnou um\u011blou inteligenci<\/a> dnes.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":10915,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10906","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-helpful-ai-content-tips"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10906","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10906"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10906\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10919,"href":"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10906\/revisions\/10919"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10915"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10906"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10906"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/undetectable.ai/blog\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10906"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}